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Solar power, how high the threshold

Experts predict that the next 20 to 30 years, the global energy mix will be a fundamental change in the 50s of this century, new energy and renewable energy will account for the entire energy constitutes 50%. Solar energy as a great potential for development of new and renewable sources of energy has long been a concern all over the world, China has also done a lot of research, it is regrettable inspiron 8600 battery,dell inspiron 9200 battery that many years later, solar power seems to have been in people’s is a concept of distance and symbols, you can feel better but it shall not close, then the threshold of solar, how high, delays in the industrialization of disease in the end there, this new energy, one of the protagonists Ho gorgeous debut when are people want to solve the… …

How much solar energy

Under the authority of the world’s energy analysis, the world has proven a major fossil fuel reserves and production can not be optimistic about the world. Length of remaining recoverable oil is only 41 years, their share of world total energy consumption of 40.5%; number of years of remaining recoverable natural gas 61.9 years, their share of world total energy consumption of 24.10%; number of years remaining recoverable coal 230 years, their share of world total energy consumption by 25.2%; number of years remaining recoverable uranium 73 years, their share of world total energy consumption by 7.6%; other hydraulic their share of world total energy consumption of 2.6%.
Traditional fuel energy is being reduced day by day, energy issues can not be ignored have become global issues. Search for new energy sources, has become a top priority. They soon focused its attention on the people around us in the renewable energy, wind energy, solar, geothermal, biomass power generation … … the new alternative to traditional energy sources have become new targets one-time energy. Wealth of daily solar radiation is inexhaustible and pollution-free, low-cost, free use of human energy and vision to become the first to incorporate the best choice for people. Solar energy per second to reach the ground up to 800,000 kilowatts of energy, if the Earth’s surface to 0.1% of solar energy, change rate of 5 percent, generating an annual output of about 5.6 × 1012 kilowatt hours and the equivalent of the world’s energy consumption about 40 times. Our country is rich in solar energy resources in the world. Desert area of China has 1.08 million square kilometers, mainly distributed in the light of the northwest region is rich in resources. 1 sq km area that can be installed 100 megawatts of photovoltaic arrays, generating 150 million a year degrees; 1 percent if the development and utilization of desert, you can issue the equivalent of China’s electricity consumption throughout the year in 2003. At present, China’s northern, coastal, and many other areas inspiron 9300 battery,dell inspiron 9400 battery, the volume of annual sunshine hours in 2000, Hainan is reached more than 2400 hours, the solar energy resources to name but a few large countries.
Such a huge energy reserves, we have developed is the situation be?

China’s solar energy industry into the environmental protection industry processing plants abroad

Solar cells can convert solar energy into DC energy, the production of solar PV industry chain is the most crucial aspect. The world’s most widely used solar cells are crystalline silicon solar cells, crystalline silicon solar cells production of raw materials - high-purity polysilicon has a severe shortage in our country, the vast majority of the need to rely on imports. According to experts in the Chinese Academy of Engineering survey, in 2005 the demand for China’s polysilicon for 3800 tons, of which the demand for photovoltaic industry 2691 tons, while in 2004 the output of polycrystalline silicon in China only 60 tons, even if all the supply of photovoltaic industry, but also only 2.6% of market demand, and the rest can only rely on imports. To form the photovoltaic industry in China well-known “two out” phenomenon: the raw materials for more than九成dependence on imports, exports more than九成. The reason is that the face of high cost of solar cells, temporarily unfit for wider use of home. Caused by the direct cause of this phenomenon is that technology can not keep up, raw material control.
Solar PV cells manufacturing chain as follows: quartz sand - polysilicon - cut into a silicon (or into a monocrystalline silicon) - batteries and battery components (individual cells can not generate electricity), then components portfolio, and finally installed in projects for electricity generation. Product monopoly of transnational corporations, it is polysilicon. Seven companies around the world, controlled almost all the high-purity polysilicon sales and manufacturing, they do not cooperate, or joint ventures, technology is completely closed.
In fact, the upstream poly-silicon raw material quartz sand is no shortage in our country. Polysilicon many overseas companies are direct procurement from China. However, Chinese enterprises for the silicon purification technology, has been the lack of progress. The’90s, there were more than 40 companies in the study of small poly-silicon technology, but is not a company can take on large-scale production of polysilicon. Technology can not break through the bottleneck, there will be others to complete, so even if there are no raw materials, technology, and can only be a low-cost processing of foreign environmental protection industry. Thus led to the solar industry, I have been hesitant. Solar power generation cost and the cost of traditional coal-fired power generation than the current purchase price of solar power is about 3.5 yuan / kilowatt-hour, there are the ordinary generating units of the purchase price, about 10 times the cost is so high dell inspiron b120 battery,dell inspiron b130 battery, it is clear there is no universal possible, so we have no alternative but to enjoy the warm sunshine at the same time, watching a lot of energy in the close loss, but could do nothing about it!

Number of legs to walk, to find a new way out for China’s solar power generation

In order to make solar power closer to the people at an early date, the domestic research institutions have done a lot of work. Recently, the Japan Science and Technology Agency to take the lead, China, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Tsinghua University, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Japan Aerospace Technology Foundation, Toshiba and Tohoku University in Japan to participate in solar power generation solar thermal compound system will continue to conduct joint development and will be the beginning of April this year in China’s desert area in Inner Mongolia for a model test the durability of the year, and gradually moved to one run. Solar thermal power generation system is a composite of visible light and ordinary use of solar energy systems useless or harmful infra-red system for the new generation. The system through a special lens to gather sunlight for the visible separation of light and infrared, visible light, after reflection of solar cells for small, infrared, through the special lens used in electric power generation module. At the same time as a result of the use of the visible and infrared sources of energy, power generation efficiency of existing solar-powered 2-fold. In addition, the system can also use waste heat to provide hot water, solar energy utilization rate reached 65%. Because there is no removable parts, is a maintenance-free power generation methods, applicable to the desert area. The system to support the western region as the “bright work” part of China’s western region will be 23 million families with a lack of electricity power.
There are news in recent days, China University of Technology developed a new type of Tingri mirror, can effectively track the sun’s rotation, which makes use of solar power generation than coal-fired electricity generation is expected to lower internal cost. This mirror mirror Tingri to any position of the incident sunlight, can be effectively eliminated by the mirror caused by deficiencies in the design of aberration that can effectively track the sun’s rotation, the control system can usually Tingri by the mirror reduced to only two-dimensional control required for one-dimensional control. Condenser as a result of the cost of solar energy a significant reduction in the human will be more than the coal-house low-cost electricity.
It can be seen that through the efforts of solar power generation in China is not tight in the power of a new energy concept of speculation over the years not only done the protagonist of the situation debut will be the past, solar energy as the most potential and most resource-rich new renewable energy inspiron e1405 battery,dell inspiron e1505 battery, its large number of days used in power generation will not tell us to wait very long!

Stones from other hills

Development of solar energy industry abroad

Germany: Bavaria, will build a large-scale solar power generation market

Solar power generation technology in the forefront of the highest in the world Germany, in the Franconia region of Bavaria Stein Arne completed the large-scale solar power generation market, and its 12.4-megawatt power generation, 3500 at the same time meet the electricity needs of the family.
The solar field covers an area of 77 hectares, will have 1,500 sets of solar power installations. It consists of two private joint planning, after the completion of power generation is currently the world’s largest 5-megawatt wind power stations more than doubled. The two companies plan to complete the purchase through private means to build the market to raise 75 million euros required. Sets of individuals to purchase solar power installations need to invest € 14,400. According to the survey, which raise funds to build new solar power generation market in Germany means there are broad prospects for development.
Production of renewable energy resources of modern science and technology has been popular in Germany. German Ministry for the Environment commissioned the market research institute Forsa was conducted early in May 2005 survey indicated that almost 62% of Germans think that we should increase the renewable energy input. The majority of the respondents supported the use of wind power, and endorses the efforts in the next 20-25 years. The use of offshore wind power plants to meet 15 percent of the country’s electricity demand.
In the next 20 years to 30 years, solar energy will be another significant source of energy for development. The survey also showed that 85% of the German people to solar energy as alternatives to the traditional inspiron e1705 battery,dell latitude d410 battery ideal.

Japan: Government to sell its power generation but also

In 1973 the first oil crisis broke out in Japan had a major impact, the oil crisis put an end to Japan’s era of rapid economic growth. Since then, the Japanese government to promote energy conservation, strengthening of new energy development, energy relaxation of restrictions on developing new energy, using solar, wind, fuel cells, hydrogen energy, such as superconducting can. Japan is seeking more than strong point of view, a full range of energy security, through these efforts to protect the environment, to build a new level of sustainable development. In alternative energy and energy-saving technology R & D, Japan willing to invest effort to ensure that the commanding heights of the future energy technologies, the introduction of the “New Sunshine Plan”, an annual allocation of more than 570 billion yen in research of renewable energy technologies, energy transportation and storage technologies.
In Japan, solar power is very popular. In the family, the popularity of solar power is that the cost of the difficulties is very high. The purchase of solar power devices than the electricity cost can be cost-effective is the key, which is impossible in the past. Solar power plant at the time it is very difficult to sell because selling a small number, it is not a large-scale production.
Now, families to buy such a device, half the cost of subsidies by the Government, so now more and more sold, the price also decreased. It is understood that 10 years ago, Japan 3 kilowatts of power generation equipment, the price is about ￥ 6,000,000, which is probably enough to pay the electricity for decades, and now the market price to reduce by half. Converted into yuan, 400,000 yuan dropped from about 20 million.
In Japan the use of solar power generation devices have a unique advantage: during the day and not electricity, but electricity sold to power companies or the government, which has also been actively acquired, so that income can be used to offset part of the tariff. According to statistics we can see an interesting situation - in the popularity of the solar power device family, instead of saving to do better work.
After years of painstaking efforts, Japan has become the world’s highest energy efficiency one of the countries (the United States, 2.75 times). Japan, the world’s leading solar energy technology in 2002, Japan’s solar power generation accounts for 46% of the global total.

Korea: in 2006 will build the world’s largest solar power plant

South Korea Jeollanam-do government has said they will be in April in conjunction with the U.S. latitude d410 battery,dell latitude d420 battery,dell latitude d430 battery company building the world’s largest solar power plant, generating 17 megawatts per hour.
Generating capacity of the plant far more than an hour in Germany with the type of 5-megawatt power plant generating capacity, is currently the world’s largest solar power plant.
Earlier, South Jeolla Province government and the U.S. wholly-owned Kore Group in a project agreement, the project injected 150 million U.S. dollars of foreign capital.
The agreement is based on regional governments and the United States in 2004 a memorandum of understanding (MOU) on the Korean Peninsula building solar power plants in the city of Mokpo. Kore Group MOU explicitly provide funding for the project and implementation supervision.

Israel: the development of legislation to promote solar energy

As we all know, Israel is a sufficient sunshine, solar energy resources in countries with better conditions, the use of technology in solar energy research and development, not only by government departments, research institutions and enterprises attach great importance to and at the same time, but also with the United States, Europe, Australia countries and regions in a wide range of cooperative relations, so that Israel in this field has been in the ranks of the world’s leading.
An area of 1000 acres, generating power for 500,000 kilowatts of the world’s largest solar power plant will be in Israel’s southern Negev desert in the building. The solar power plants will reach a power-generating capacity 100,000 kilowatts by 2012 when the project is completed, power generation capacity will reach 500,000 kilowatts of electricity to the national electricity production accounts for about 5%. A long time, Israel has been the emphasis on solar energy technology research and development, domestic well-known research institutions in the field of solar energy technology has achieved many important results, so that Israel in the development and use of solar energy technologies to maintain the level of the world’s leading. However, due to the high cost of solar power, Israel has greatly restricted the development and utilization of solar energy. The power station was Israel’s first solar power station.

Israel’s lack of conventional energy sources is the inspiron 8600 battery only civilian in the law must install solar water heaters countries, Israel, therefore, solar water heater up to 90% penetration, per capita use of solar water heater area of the world.

Mobile phone battery has become the future development of mobile communications “bottleneck”

Are here to participate in “2005 Global Mobile Communications Conference” An expert said that the mobile terminal battery technology has seriously lagged behind the cell phone terminal communications technology, the development of future mobile communications serious “bottleneck.”

Experts said the impact of mobile communication technology is currently the most important two factors First, the spectrum, and the other is the battery. Now, the former research currently
Great progress, but battery technology is very backward, and cell phone dell inspiron 1501 battery,dell inspiron 1520 battery technology and the development of communication technology terminal gap is 20% to an annual rate of 30% further opened.

In addition, as a result of the use of mobile phones faster and faster processors, more memory, plus a number of communication terminals are closed structure, there will be more of a local multi-mode, the increase in battery mode card will increase energy consumption, Therefore the development of battery technology has become the development of mobile communication technology, one of the biggest bottlenecks. At the same time, with the growing business of wireless applications, mobile phones are an annual electricity consumption increasing at a rate of 30 percent, if there is no breakthrough in battery technology, many 3G terminals will be the loss of business application infrastructure, mobile communications industries are being challenged.

The expert concluded that there is no good if the battery technology, the future of the 3G business can only be a more extensive personal communications vehicle, communications experts and described by many operators of wireless mobile services attractive only in the car achieved.

China’s potential hazards of waste batteries can not be ignored

Faced with the increasing of used batteries, some experts speak out: China’s potential hazards of waste batteries can not be ignored, the whole society need to arouse widespread attention and concern.

Now people in social life can not be separated from the battery is almost one day. According to China’s annual consumption of battery -80 100000000 7000000000, the per capita consumption year battery 5-6. Battery is most commonly used pagers, cell phones, pocket radios, portable music players, such as remote control.

Batteries to deal with pollution and its society has become concerned about the focus of environmental protection. State Environmental Protection Administration of the Technology Standards Department that, with the battery type, production and use continues to expand, the number of used batteries and types are also increasing. Used batteries contain mercury, lead, cadmium, nickel and other heavy metals and acid, alkali, such as electrolyte solution, and the ecological environment on the human body have different degrees of harm. It is understood that the one on human health and ecological environment is more harmful, hazardous waste control included in the list of batteries are: mercury batteries, the battery is; lead-acid battery; cadmium batteries, nickel-cadmium dell inspiron 1501 battery,dell inspiron 1520 battery mainly.

Experts told the reporter, even though some of our large-scale battery manufacturers have begun production of mercury-free batteries, but still a large number of small and medium-sized production is mercury batteries, because of their prices, the application of a wide range of significant sales. The main application of lead-acid batteries in the automotive, electric bicycle, communications standby power and emergency power supply and so on. And nickel-cadmium batteries are commonly used in mobile phones, power tools, electric toys, etc., is a rechargeable battery.

Relevant data show that a bad battery in place on the 1st, the one square meters of soil would have lost the use of permanent value; a button battery 600 tons of water can be contaminated, a person’s life is equivalent to the amount of drinking water. The greatest threat to the natural environment in several substances, the battery contains mercury, lead, cadmium, etc., if used batteries into landfill with domestic garbage or abandoned, leaking mercury and heavy metals will infiltration in the soil, polluting groundwater, and then into the fish, crops, the destruction of the human living environment, and indirectly a threat to human health.

Once the absorption of these heavy metals in the body after which the disease does occur? According to experts, mercury is a highly toxic heavy metals, of great destructive power of the human central nervous system, the fifties of the last century occurred in Japan shocked the world as a result of Minamata disease is caused by mercury pollution. Currently, China’s production of alkaline batteries containing mercury content of 1% -5% of the mercury content in batteries neutral to 0.025%, China’s consumption of mercury in battery production of dozens of tonnes each year by as much as on. Cadmium in the human body can easily cause chronic poisoning, the main disease is emphysema, bone softening, anemia, is likely to paralyze the body. The human body and lead the most difficult to discharge, which interfere with renal function, reproductive function.

The United States and the world’s leading R & D, Professor of Chinese high-performance plastic solar cells (Figure)

University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) School of Engineering and Applied Science Department of Materials Science and Chinese Professor Yang Yang, and lead his research assistants and graduate students, after 5 years of research, invention of a high-efficiency plastic solar cells dell inspiron 1521 battery. U.S. materials research of the most authoritative journal of the “natural materials”, published on the 10th the results of their research, their research affirmed the leading position in the world.

According to the United States, “World News” report, said Yang Yang to accept, more recently, the United States, crude oil and gasoline prices have been hovering in the high price to find the updated alternative energy, energy has once again become the most popular materials sector. Solar energy has been seen as a popular alternative energy sources. However, the absorption of solar energy cost template, is the traditional three to four times the fuel, resulting in the promotion are subject to certain restrictions.

Yang Yang said that the use of plastic so the concept of solar cells, derived from a student. Before the general understanding of the plastic through the diode current will be coupled with light-emitting. Five years ago, his students thinking in the reverse direction, to try whether the light playing on the plastic, to generate electricity.

Yang Yang said that his research team studied the current out of the plastic solar cell, could reach 4.4 percent of the power generation efficiency, and non-crystal silicon cells is similar. That is, if the photon into the 100, will produce 4.4 electronic. Counterparts around the world study the same material, only 1% point more than efficiency dell inspiron 1521 battery. Therefore, the results of their research leading substantially.

Yang Yang said that the study of the market as a business, needs to be three to five years, but his research team will work hard to help manufacturers to commercialize research findings.

Beijing developed a new type of power battery

Yesterday, the Beijing Municipal Science and Technology plans to major projects, “Li-ion battery cathode material of lithium manganese oxide of the industrialization of technological development,” the smooth passage of the city of Science and Technology Commission acceptance. Experts said that the city’s scientific research institutions world-wide technical problems to overcome in one fell swoop, in the new type of lithium batteries to achieve a major breakthrough in the development, in order to speed up the development of Beijing to ease the atmosphere of tension and energy issues in urgent need of environmental degradation of the electric vehicle battery to provide the technical support.

It is reported that the project is the city of Science and Technology Commission on the project in October 2002 and three million yuan in support of UNITA by CITIC Technology Co., Ltd. Solid-Lee power to implement major projects. More than two years, the project unit in addition to breakthroughs in the world to assume a key technical challenges, developed a new type of lithium-ion batteries key materials required for the synthesis of lithium manganese oxide of new technology, also developed a new large-capacity lithium-ion battery power and electric buses in the Olympic Games Test vehicle operation to complete the car, continuing to run more than 10,000 miles kilometers battery in good working order.

The city has developed a new type of lithium battery — Lithium Manganese battery, is recognized as the most practical electric vehicle battery power. It is, at present, many domestic users, as well as South Korea, France, the United States a number of companies have begun to trial the products of the project.
“Lithium Manganese” yesterday battery power through the acceptance of 0.68 degrees per kilometer

Electric buses on the road is expected to

Zhi-Bin Hu said Beijing photographic look like powder with the same “black magic” of lithium manganese oxide made large-capacity battery, mounted on a modified “big public”, the breath will be able to run 220 kilometers, while the per kilometer only 0.68 degrees consumption … … Yesterday morning at the Beijing Science and Technology Commission, “lithium ion battery lithium manganese oxide cathode materials for the industrialization of technological development” project acceptance at the meeting, vice mayor of Beijing Fan Boyuan said the first batch of 30 electric city bus, this month is expected to be issued by National Development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of Public Security license. Next year, Beijing is expected to have 200 electric buses put into use.

   Magic “black” security money

Looked at the hands of a staff want to “black” Lithium manganese, it is difficult to imagine it with the volume of production of lithium manganese battery acid than the traditional three times the capacity of lead-acid batteries. “Although mobile phones, digital products, the use of cobalt and manganese lithium battery Lithium battery performance almost, but better than manganese lithium batteries several times the price.” Commitment to the issue of UNITA solid profit technology research and new materials Anping, vice president of hospital told reporters that with this kind of “black magic” in addition to the production of large capacity battery and low-loss, low prices, but also very safe.

The need for transformation of electric buses 500,000 yuan

“Like the appearance of the same standard set by the volume, but left one less car exhaust pipe.” Yesterday, the reporters in Lee solid UNITA Institute of new materials technology has seen a transformation of the electric bus. According to the driver, the bus driver this system has been completely replaced by the motor was originally used to store baggage car “belly” full of batteries. “Although it is more than you, but only 4-5 hours can be filled, and if in accordance with the rated load, full time electricity can travel around 220 kilometers.” It is understood that the car has a top speed of 120 km / h, 0-60 km / h acceleration in less than 26 seconds. A total of 108 of its battery power with the needs of 77 degrees, less wear and tear only 0.68 per kilometer driven degrees. “Battery life for each group of about 200,000 kilometers, so even if the transformation of the cost of electric vehicles with 500,000 yuan, almost the same miles and running cost of the fuel car fairly.”

Electrical products can not enter the public short-term family

Apart from the electrical bus, the AU’s solid profit in the Technology Research Institute of new materials have also seen the electric motorcycle, electric bike or electric van. “However, apart from public transport to a unified solution by the Government, the development of electric vehicles to the private sector would still take some time.” Ping, vice president, said battery electric bicycle can be demolished, but the larger motorcycle, car battery car you need to charge a fixed supporting infrastructure, “this context the need for government funding and venue support, on the one hand, also need to increase the environmental awareness of the public.”

Electric vehicles do not directly use the fuel, including pure battery electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, fuel cell electric vehicles, three broad categories. Study of electric vehicles in Beijing has been included in dozens of major technology projects Olympics. Currently, Beijing has developed electric luxury tourist buses, electric low-floor buses, quasi-electric low-floor buses, such as pure electric bus electric bus 4. “By 2008 we have strived to 1000 run electric buses on the road in Beijing.”

   As a result of packaging technology, laptop battery welding materials and processing methods and improvements on a chip, in 1991, the life span of solar system about 5 to 10 years. By 1995 it increased to 10 ~ 20 years, and by the year 2000 the use of a more extended period to more than 25 years. In 1995 only the U.S. market for solar cell sales 3.5 billion U.S. dollars. As a result of oil and environmental protection (global warming), as well as diplomatic assistance to the backward areas so that in the year 2000 global sales of solar cells into the growth of several times. By 2005, because Germany and other advanced countries in the new construction of environmental protection laws and regulations of the factors that caused the outbreak of increased demand for solar panels, hp laptop battery the moment the market of serious shortage, caused by the global solar cell industry to flourish, many solar Business Notebook NC6105 battery factory price, overnight into between the highest point. At the same time also led to insight into the traditional manufacturing business, into the development of solar energy related products, application.